Location Southern Asia, between China and India
Geographic coordinates 28° N, 84° E
Map references Asia
Area Total: 147,181 sq km / Land: 143,181 sq km / Water: 4,000 sq km
Population 30,000,000 (approximately)
Area comparative Slightly larger than Arkansas
Land boundaries Total: 2,929 km / Border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km
Coastline 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims None (landlocked)
Climate Varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south
Terrain Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
Elevation extremes Lowest point: Kechana Kalan 70 m / Highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m
Natural resources Quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
Land use Arable land: 21.68% / Permanent crops: 0.64% / Other: 77.68% (2001)
Irrigated land 11,350 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards Severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons
Environment Deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives)
Current issues Contaminated water (with human and animal waste, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions
Environment-party to Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
International agreements Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Geography Note Landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world’s 10 highest peaks, including Mount Everest—the world’s tallest—on the border with China

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